An Approach Related to Best Practices in Sports Medicine: A Literature Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.65011/prismaods.v4.i2.94Palabras clave:
sports medicine, training load management, injury prevention, autonomic monitoring, performance optimizationResumen
Background. Performance optimization and injury prevention in elite athletes depend on integrating physiological regulation, biomechanical efficiency, neuromuscular resilience, psychological readiness, nutritional adequacy, and environmental context. Modern sports medicine has shifted from reactive care toward predictive and preventive models supported by advanced monitoring systems that assess fluctuations in training load, autonomic state, and tissue capacity. Objective. To synthesize best practices in contemporary sports medicine by integrating validated frameworks related to training load management, autonomic monitoring, neuromuscular diagnostics, biomechanical profiling, nutritional strategies, and return‑to‑play criteria. Forty peer‑reviewed studies inform the construction of a multidimensional applied model. Methods. A structured literature review was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus, covering 2010–2025, prioritizing randomized controlled trials, longitudinal cohorts, systematic reviews, and consensus statements. Emphasis was placed on models with demonstrated predictive validity for enhancing performance and reducing injury risk. Results. Maintaining the Acute: Chronic Workload Ratio (ACWR) within 0.80–1.30 minimized injury incidence, while spikes >1.50 markedly increased soft‑tissue injury risk (8–11). Heart rate variability (HRV), particularly RMSSD, reliably identified autonomic fatigue 24–72 hours before performance decrements. Neuromuscular and biomechanical interventions—especially eccentric training—reduced lower‑limb injury rates by 30–70%. Nutritional periodization and sleep optimization further mediated adaptation and recovery. Conclusion. Best practices in elite sports medicine require a systems‑based framework that integrates load monitoring, autonomic physiology, biomechanics, neuromuscular strength, nutrition, and recovery. This article consolidates the most substantial evidence and provides an applied blueprint for practitioners.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Antonio Eugenio Rivera Cisneros, Pedro Gualberto Morales Corral, Felipe Homero Gómez Ballesteros, José Antonio López Cabral, Jorge Manuel Sánchez González (Autor/a)
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