Análisis Comparativo de las Estructuras Biológicas y Adaptaciones Físicas que Diferencian a los Atletas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.65011/prismaods.v5.i1.185Palabras clave:
atletas, flexibilidad, fuerza, lesiones, rendimientoResumen
Este estudio compara a atletas de taekwondo y béisbol para entender cómo sus características físicas y la forma en que entrenan influyen en su rendimiento y en los tipos de lesiones que suelen tener. Los participantes fueron jóvenes universitarios y preuniversitarios, hombres y mujeres entre 17 y 25 años. A cada uno se le midieron peso, estatura, IMC y perímetros musculares, además de registrar sus lesiones previas y medir su saturación de oxígeno y frecuencia cardiaca. También se aplicaron pruebas de velocidad, fuerza, resistencia, elasticidad y recuperación para tener una idea más completa de sus capacidades. Los resultados mostraron diferencias claras entre los dos deportes. En el caso del taekwondo, los atletas presentaron más flexibilidad, mejor fuerza explosiva y un desarrollo más notable del tren inferior, lo cual tiene sentido porque su deporte se basa en patadas y movimientos rápidos de piernas. Por otro lado, los jugadores de béisbol mostraron más fuerza y estabilidad en el tren superior, sobre todo en brazos y hombros, debido al lanzamiento y al bateo, que son movimientos repetitivos. Las lesiones que aparecieron también coincidieron con estas características: problemas en rodilla y tobillo en taekwondo, y lesiones en hombro, codo y muñeca en béisbol. Esto coincide con otros estudios que muestran que cada deporte genera adaptaciones específicas en el cuerpo según las acciones que se repiten más. Las diferencias entre los atletas se explican principalmente por la disciplina que practican. Estas adaptaciones influyen en su rendimiento, en su riesgo de lesión y en lo que necesitan para entrenar mejor.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Samuel Dominguez Collado, Raul Garcia Rodriguez, Sebastian Herrera Zini, Luis Angel Sanchez Viañez, Ana Teresa Tizapan Garcia, Diego Hernan Cuate Gomez (Autor/a)
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