Entre la Confianza y la Exclusión: La Paradoja de las Mujeres en Carreras STEM en la Educación Superior
Between Trust and Exclusion: The Paradox of Women in STEM Careers in Higher Education
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.65011/prismaods.v5.i3.317Palabras clave:
STEM, discriminación, educación, permanenciaResumen
El presente estudio investiga las barreras y facilitadores que enfrentan las mujeres en carreras STEM (Ciencia, Tecnología, Ingeniería y Matemáticas) dentro de instituciones de educación superior. Mediante un diseño cuantitativo no experimental, se aplicó un cuestionario a 439 mujeres estudiantes de educación superior, cuyo perfil demográfico permitió examinar seis dimensiones: estereotipos y normas de género, apoyo institucional y académico, confianza y autoeficacia, referentes y redes de apoyo, experiencias en el aula y relaciones con pares, y perspectivas profesionales y equidad laboral. Los resultados muestran que, aunque el 87.1% de las participantes percibe alta inclusión formal y más del 85% reporta fuerte compromiso académico y autoeficacia, el 37.8% experimenta discriminación sutil en su cotidianidad académica, y entre 35% y 42% enfrenta microagresiones sistemáticas. Asimismo, el 24.7% ha considerado abandonar su carrera debido a entornos desiguales, mientras que el 71.5% desea contribuir a incrementar la presencia femenina en estos campos. La brecha más crítica surge en el acceso a redes de apoyo: el 77.7% manifiesta interés en participar en redes de mujeres en STEM, pero solo el 41.3% accede realmente a ellas, lo que revela una diferencia de 36.4 puntos porcentuales. Estos hallazgos evidencian una paradoja: la inclusión formal y el compromiso académico coexisten con barreras estructurales que amenazan la permanencia de las mujeres en STEM. Se concluye que las instituciones deben crear espacios formales de mentoría y colaboración para cerrar esta brecha y sostener la permanencia y el desarrollo profesional de las mujeres en disciplinas científico-tecnológicas.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Diana del Consuelo Caldera González, María Guadalupe de Lourdes Acosta Castillo, Miguel Agustín Ortega Carrillo (Autor/a)
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